In order to accelerate the recovery of patients, many researchers believe that rehabilitation exercise is necessary. Rehabilitation exercise also requires reasonable control and management to ensure that it can be carried out scientifically. Therefore, this article proposes to use the split iteration algorithm to construct a rehabilitation exercise device, which can assist patients in training through functions such as massage, information feedback, and auxiliary movement. And this article also designs comparative experiments at the end to verify the effectiveness of this method. In the comparative experiment of work efficiency, the average time spent on the rehabilitation device based on the method proposed in this article was 19.90 min, while the average time spent on the conventional device as the control group was 25.61 min. According to the significant differences between two experimental results, it can be seen that the rehabilitation device constructed based on the split iteration algorithm can help patients’ rehabilitation in a more efficient manner.