Mathematics studies the objective law of reality, analyzes and solves the practical problems by describing the known problems. With the continuous integration of information technology and computer industry, big data analysis technology is becoming more and more important. The application of mathematical algorithm in data analysis can simplify the processing of complex problems. So this article studies the mathematical algorithm deeply. This article applies experimental and comparative methods. Experimental data show that mathematical algorithms can enable learners to form a keen sense of numbers and cultivate their logical thinking, with a correlation of 0.51 and 0.47, respectively. This can play a certain role in big data analysis.