The digital transformation of emergency management in chemical enterprises within industrial clusters is significantly influenced by neighboring enterprises and third-party regulatory agencies. The decision-making process is complex due to varying interests and behavioral motives among different stakeholders. We investigate the digital transformation mechanisms in emergency management for chemical enterprises from the perspective of industrial agglomeration leveraging evolutionary game theory, considering the impact of decisions made by neighboring chemical enterprises and third-party management departments in industrial park. The results highlight how direct potential benefits, potential benefits discount factor, relative benefits, and input costs differentially impact decision-making processes. Two stable evolutionary states are identified between neighboring enterprises. However, when park management departments implement regulatory interventions, the evolutionary system lacks a stable strategy, resulting in cyclical strategy choices over time and leading to the “regulatory dilemma”. These insights offer valuable theoretical support for management strategies aimed at enhancing digital emergency management in industrial agglomerations.