The increasing demand and cultivation area of vegetable crops highlight their significance as a cash crop. However, vegetable crops face various challenges during their germination, growth, and development, including biotic stresses such as diseases and pests, as well as abiotic stresses like drought, heat, salinity, cold, strong or weak light, waterlogging, nutrient deficiency or excess, and heavy metals, and others. In many cases, vegetable plants suffer from more than one type of stress, which seriously affect their growth and yield. Physiological, biochemical, genetic, bioinformatic, omics, molecular biology, and interdisciplinary research on abiotic stress perception, signaling, and regulation network of vegetables have made a lot of progress in recent years. This enriches our common knowledge of the complex response of plants to abiotic stress and provides clues and potential methods to improve stress tolerance of vegetable crops.