Vegetable production is a vital component of global food systems and improving the yield and quality is critical for future agriculture. Light quality, a fundamental environmental factor, plays a pivotal role in vegetable growth and stress resistance. Understanding the mechanisms underlying light quality regulation of vegetable growth and resistance is important for providing valuable insights for crop management and precision agriculture. In this chapter, we discuss the influence of different light quality, such as blue, red, and far-red light, on various aspects of vegetable growth, including photosynthesis, plant architecture, and nutrient absorption as well as on vegetable resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, we include the molecular mechanisms underlying light-induced responses in vegetables. The review provides valuable insights for optimizing crop management practices and resource utilization in vegetable production systems as well as future research.