In the realm of institutional theory, the international expansion of entrepreneurial firms presents a rich subject for scholarly examination. This framework delineates two primary motivations: the motivation to internationalize driven by the urge to escape the confines of their institutional homelands and the impetus fueled by the strategic maneuvering known as institutional arbitrage. By describing these motivations, one gains a clearer perspective on the resultant outcomes, neatly bifurcated into two categories—productive entrepreneurship, which sows the seeds of innovation and growth, and destructive entrepreneurship, which, while often lucrative, can erode the very fabric of economic stability and integrity. This dichotomy serves as a valuable heuristic in discerning the underlying dynamics of international entrepreneurship.