With the continuous improvement of expressway project construction standards, the backward project management mode can no longer meet the development needs of the current stage of engineering construction. This paper aims to improve the construction effect of expressway bridges through intelligent simulation technology. First of all, this paper uses the intelligent finite element analysis software to simulate the overall structure of existing expressway bridges, and puts forward the reference flow and implementation method of bridge design and construction finite element simulation analysis, which makes up for the lack of relevant practical application technology research in the industry at present. Afterward, starting from the survey and design and construction stages, this paper conducts application research on design optimization, collaborative design, and digital management of construction projects, so as to realize the integrated application of design and construction based on the same data source. The research of the project is of great significance for creating “smart transportation” and promoting innovation, transformation and upgrading of the road transportation construction industry.