Mechanical protections such as Buchholz, elevated winding temperature, high oil temperature, pressure relief valves, and oil surge relays play a crucial role in protecting transformers and reactors. The contacts of these protective devices are connected to the binary inputs of numerical relays or auxiliary relays, facilitating the tripping of transformers and reactors when necessary. Typically installed outdoors on the transformer and reactor bodies, these mechanical protection devices are susceptible to potential mis-operations caused by various external factors, including cable damage, malfunctions in mechanical relay contacts, issues with transducers, intrusion of external objects, subpar workmanship, and moisture ingress. Transformers and reactors are pivotal components of power transmission networks, and any inadvertent tripping resulting from mechanical protection malfunctions can lead to widespread disruptions in power system networks. This paper delves into a comprehensive analysis of noteworthy field events involving the tripping of transformers and reactors due to mechanical protection mis-operations. Through these experiences, valuable lessons have been gleaned, and this paper aims to share practical insights. Furthermore, innovative techniques to prevent mis-operations in the mechanical protection of transformers and reactors are explored. The implementation of these innovative methods, leveraging various digital and numerical relays, are discussed in detail.

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Ensuring Grid Stability: Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical Protection Systems for Power Transformers and Reactors

  • Pankaj Kumar Jha,
  • Brijendra Singh,
  • Sumit Ray

摘要

Mechanical protections such as Buchholz, elevated winding temperature, high oil temperature, pressure relief valves, and oil surge relays play a crucial role in protecting transformers and reactors. The contacts of these protective devices are connected to the binary inputs of numerical relays or auxiliary relays, facilitating the tripping of transformers and reactors when necessary. Typically installed outdoors on the transformer and reactor bodies, these mechanical protection devices are susceptible to potential mis-operations caused by various external factors, including cable damage, malfunctions in mechanical relay contacts, issues with transducers, intrusion of external objects, subpar workmanship, and moisture ingress. Transformers and reactors are pivotal components of power transmission networks, and any inadvertent tripping resulting from mechanical protection malfunctions can lead to widespread disruptions in power system networks. This paper delves into a comprehensive analysis of noteworthy field events involving the tripping of transformers and reactors due to mechanical protection mis-operations. Through these experiences, valuable lessons have been gleaned, and this paper aims to share practical insights. Furthermore, innovative techniques to prevent mis-operations in the mechanical protection of transformers and reactors are explored. The implementation of these innovative methods, leveraging various digital and numerical relays, are discussed in detail.