This chapter explores the history of Islamic social-public finance in the Islamic world, focusing on ideal practices during the period of Rosullullah, the Rashidun Caliphs, and the Caliphate. Islamic social-public finance as practised in the early days of Islam is discussed, including public finance in the ancient world prior to the emergence of Islam, together with early works on Islamic public finance. This chapter also explains the instruments and institutions of public policy during early Islam. The discussions in this chapter are expected to provide greater understanding concerning social-public finance as practised in the early days of Islam as a reference for contemporary Islamic public finance management.