Universal Filters Based on Bulk-Driven CCII for Low-Voltage Analog Applications
摘要
This study presents four universal filter implementations employing second-generation current conveyors designed utilizing bulk-driven technique (BDCCIIs) that enable filter operations at considerably low voltage-supply levels. Current-conveyor-based low-and ultra-low-voltage analog signal processing circuits have been rarely investigated. However, they have been subjected to further discussions by design engineers because such modules continue to find wide applications in the emerging fields of portable and wearable electronics, smart environmental monitoring, implantable medical devices, and ambient power harvesting systems. In this study, a detailed circuit analysis of four multi-input single-output (MISO) topologies along with a brief discussion on their component count, tuning feature, and hardware complexity has been discussed. These filters operate at a voltage supply of ± 0.5 V and exhibit all standard filter responses in voltage mode. Furthermore, PSPICE simulation results obtained with 180-nm CMOS TSMC technology illustrate the operability of each application.