Between 1837 and 1917, nearly 1.3 million Indians went as indentured laborers to distant British colonies in Mauritius (1834–1917), Natal (1860–1911), Trinidad (1845–1917), British Guiana (1845–1917), Fiji (1879–1916), and a few other colonies like Jamaica, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Kitts, and St. Vincent in the Caribbean. The first to be indentured was a group of 36 dhangars belonging to a tribe from the Chota Nagpur area who went to Mauritius in 1834. Calcutta (Kolkata), Madras (Chennai), and Bombay (Mumbai) were designated as ports of embarkation, but Bombay was discontinued in 1865. The French, the Dutch, and the Danes also indentured laborers for estates on Reunion Island, Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Surinam, and St. Croix. Laborers were also sourced from China, Ireland, Germany, Malta, and Portugal, but the estate owners preferred Indians because they required the least training and were the most disciplined. Whether it was Miritch Dvip (Mauritius), Cheenidad (Trinidad), or Damra (Demerara, Guyana), Calcutta supplied nearly 66% of the labor force to these colonies. After the abolition of slavery in 1834, the sugar estates and other agriculturalists in the colonies had lost their free labor. The freed Africans refused to work in the fields and/or demanded high wages. Modern-day states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh supplied most of the laborers from India.