Insects are an essential part of the forest ecosystem, serving various critical functions. Annually, around 68 million ha area of forests around the globe suffer insect damage, which is more than double the area destroyed by wildfires. Some groups of foliage, root and bark feeders are considered major forest pests, apart from termites and wood-boring insects, causing irreversible damage to moist timber. Additionally, global climate change could increase the risk of new pest invasion pathways and outbreaks by vertical and horizontal tree migration, host expansion, mismatch of time and food web etc. Forest pest’s management is a complex process requiring a solid framework such as integrated pest management (IPM), with minimal adverse impacts on other resources while maintaining the forest’s health and vitality. Management options for these non-native forest pests include classical biocontrol, microbial insecticides, inoculative biocontrol, silvicultural management to promote tree health, resistance tree breeding, push–pull strategy, RNA interference, gene silencing, etc. The present chapter reviews the insect nuisances of timberland and their monitoring with the aim of forest pest management using ecologically sound, economically viable, socially and environmentally acceptable strategies.