Tree health management is crucial for sustaining biodiversity and ecological balance. Understanding the impact of insects, pests and diseases on key tree species in the region is an essential requirement. The major threats such as termites, leaf miners and fungal infections that significantly affect tree health and ecosystem stability are mostly prevalent in the region. Through a comprehensive literature review, this paper highlights the susceptibility of major key tree species found in Rajasthan, including Babul (Vachellia nilotica), Khara Jal (Salvadora persica), Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon) Guggal (Commiphora wightii), Gundha (Cordia dichotoma) and Palash (Butea monosperma) to various biotic stressors. It explores effective protection strategies encompassing integrated pest management (IPM), bio-control, and cultural practices tailored to the local environment and socio-economic conditions. The present chapter also underscores the importance of community engagement and policy interventions in promoting sustainable tree health management practices against detrimental factors, ensuring their resilience and longevity in the face of evolving environmental challenges.