Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Digital Twin: Framework, Key Technologies, and Future Prospect

Digital twin uses information-physical feedback, data fusion analysis and iterative decision optimization to simulate the behavior of physical entities based on data in virtual space. It allows for the mapping, visualization, prediction, and intelligent decision-making of physical entities. To construct a digital twin for the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) process and improve its safety, economic performance, and environmental sustainability, a rational construction method is required. Therefore, this paper reviews the digital twin construction of MSWI processes based on mechanical grate furnaces. First, the development of digital twin is outlined. Second, the MSWI process is described, and its digital twin framework is established. Third, the key technologies involved in constructing digital twin of MSWI are analyzed. Finally, future research directions and challenges are discussed.