Food and nutrition security in Asia faces increasing pressures driven by population growth, climate change, and food loss and waste. These interconnected challenges highlight the need for a systemic approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health. The One Health framework offers a comprehensive pathway to strengthen sustainable agriculture, food safety, and cross-sector surveillance systems. Sustainable agriculture practice, such as ecological farming practices, biodiversity conservation, and climate-smart crops, enhances resilience while supporting nutrition and environmental integrity. Reducing food loss and waste, promoting local and traditional diets, and strengthening community-based and school-based education further improve food security and dietary quality. In parallel, biotechnology plays an increasingly vital role in food safety, shifting systems from reactive responses to proactive prevention through tools such as whole-genome sequencing, CRISPR-based diagnostics, biosensors, and integrated data platforms. Digital reporting, molecular surveillance, and AI-driven predictive analytics enable faster detection and response to foodborne pathogens across human, animal, and environmental sectors. Barriers such as high operational costs, limited bioinformatics capacity, regulatory fragmentation, and public mistrust hinder widespread adoption. Strengthening governance, regional cooperation, and equitable access to technology is therefore essential. Overall, integrating sustainable agriculture, nutrition education, biotechnology, and cross-sector surveillance within a One Health approach can build safer, more resilient, and environmentally responsible food systems for the region.