The One Health approach provides a critical foundation for strengthening epidemiology in Asia, where intensive interactions among humans, animals, and ecosystems continue to drive the emergence of zoonotic diseases such as SARS, avian influenza, and Nipah virus. Recent epidemiological patterns in the region reflect growing risks linked to rapid urbanization, land-use change, biodiversity loss, and climate variability, underscoring the need for integrated approaches to surveillance and risk management. This chapter synthesizes current conditions and emerging trends in zoonotic disease transmission in Asia while assessing the progress and persistent challenges of One Health implementation. Advances in genomic epidemiology, participatory surveillance, and digital health innovations have improved outbreak detection and cross-sectoral collaboration, yet fragmented governance, limited environmental health capacity, and funding gaps continue to impede comprehensive One Health operationalization. The main contribution of this work is to clarify the interconnected drivers of zoonotic threats in Asia and to identify actionable strategies to strengthen One Health–based epidemiology. This chapter recommends enhancing interoperable surveillance systems, expanding environmental sector involvement, investing in multisectoral workforce development, and improving governance mechanisms for coordinated response. By presenting an integrated overview of both epidemiological dynamics and system-level challenges, this chapter provides essential insights to guide policy development and reinforce Asia’s preparedness for zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, and future pandemics.