Enzyme Inhibitors From Marine Actinobacteria

Marine actinobacteria are increasingly recognized as prolific makers of bioactive secondary metabolites, including enzyme inhibitors (EIs) with promising therapeutic applications. These inhibitors, naturally generated as defense chemicals, work on many enzyme targets, including proteases, α-glucosidase (AGS), monoamine oxidases, chitinases, and angiotensin-converting enzyme. Their capacity to influence important metabolic pathways makes them intriguing candidates for therapeutic development against cancer, diabetes, hypertension, infectious illnesses, and neurodegenerative disorders. This chapter investigates the range of EIs obtained from marine actinobacteria, concentrating on their ecological origin, biochemical activities, inhibition mechanisms, and pharmaceutical importance. Rare and symbiotic actinobacterial taxa such as Streptomyces, Salinispora, Nocardiopsis, and Actinomadura, isolated from marine sediments, sponges, and mangrove environments, have been found to have potent inhibitors. Compounds from marine actinobacteria have been shown to block AGS and have anti-plasmodial and antiviral activity, highlighting their potential as a source of new therapeutics.