Extremozymes From Marine Actinobacteria: Current Status and Applications
摘要
Marine ecosystems are vast, physicochemically dynamic environments characterized by extremes of salinity, temperature, pH, pressure, and nutrient availability. Such heterogeneity has driven the evolution of metabolically versatile and resilient microorganisms, including marine actinobacteria—a prolific yet underexplored group. These bacteria produce extremozymes, enzymes known for their stability, efficiency, and robustness under harsh conditions, such as proteases, amylases, cellulases, lipases, esterases, and xylanases. This chapter critically reviews their ecological distribution, adaptive mechanisms, and enzyme characteristics and highlights their potential applications in food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, bioenergy, detergents, and emerging biotechnologies.