Synthesis Methodologies of N-G/MOFs
摘要
The synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene with metal-organic frameworks (N-G/MOFs) composites represents a rapidly developing field at the intersection of materials chemistry and nanotechnology. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the various synthesis methodologies employed to fabricate N-G/MOFs composites, emphasizing the importance of controlled processing in achieving tailored structural, morphological, and functional characteristics. The discussion covers chemical, thermal, solvothermal, and mechanochemical approaches, illustrating how each technique enables distinct advantages in terms of structural precision, porosity control, and compositional uniformity. Chemical synthesis and solvothermal routes allow for homogeneous dispersion and integration of MOF particles within graphene frameworks, promoting enhanced interfacial contact and chemical bonding. Heat treatment and pyrolysis methods, often involving MOFs precursors such as ZIF-8 or ZIF-67, enable the generation of highly porous carbon frameworks with abundant nitrogen dopants and well-preserved metallic centres, which are crucial for electrochemical and catalytic performance. Mechanochemical and ball milling processes provide energy efficient alternatives for large scale production while maintaining strong physicochemical interactions between the constituents. The chapter also highlights emerging hybrid strategies, such as nanopore lithography and bimetallic or heteroatom modified systems, that further enhance conductivity, stability, and redox activity. These diverse synthesis routes collectively demonstrate how variables such as precursor selection, temperature, atmosphere, and reaction environment directly influence the microstructure and functionality of N-G/MOFs composites.