Evaluation and Staging of Thyroid Cancers

Thyroid cancer is ranked the seventh most common cancer and composes 4.1% of all newly diagnosed cases as per the GLOBOCAN 2022 statistics. The incidence rate of thyroid cancer among women is increasing. Thyroid cancer is particularly prone to the phenomenon of overdiagnosis, whereby large numbers of subclinical cases are diagnosed without a positive impact on thyroid cancer-specific mortality. Female sex, a family history of thyroid cancer, and radiation exposure of the thyroid gland during childhood are the major risk factors associated with differentiated thyroid cancer. This chapter will explain in detail the evaluation and staging of thyroid cancers.