Presentation and Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal malignancies were ranked the third most common cancer and composed of 10% of all newly diagnosed cases (colon cancers 6% and rectal cancers 3.8%) as per the GLOBOCAN 2020 statistics. The stark difference in epidemiology and distribution of colorectal cancers between developed and developing countries prompted researchers to explore the differences in lifestyle and eating habits among different countries. Sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity, high body mass index, along with increased consumption of red meat, alcohol, and cigarette smoking, have been associated with increased risk of colorectal cancers. This chapter will describe the presentation, evaluation, and staging of colorectal cancers.