Climate change mitigation and the current energy crisis have raised concerns about sustainable bioethanol production as a cleaner and greener alternative to fossil fuels. This chapter explores the significance of life cycle assessment (LCA), techno-economic analysis (TEA), and the effectiveness of policy implications for sustainable bioethanol production. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is discussed in terms of its concept, methodology, and impact categories, highlighting daunting issues such as greenhouse gas emissions, land use change, and water consumption. This chapter provides a comprehensive critical review of previous LCA studies on bioethanol production from various feedstocks, including first generation (food crop), second generation (lignocellulosic biomass), and third generation (algal biomass). Concurrently, the importance of techno-economic analysis (TEA) for the economic evaluation of bioethanol production is addressed, considering essential financial metrics such as capital cost, operating cost, cash flow analysis, sensitivity analysis, technical performance, and market dynamics. Efficient management strategies for feedstock collection, transportation, pre-treatment, and waste valorization are presented as vital components of the economic feasibility of sustainable bioethanol production. This chapter also emphasizes the significance of various policy tools and frameworks, integration of bioethanol production with carbon capture and storage, government subsidies, and sustainability certification schemes. The chapter concludes by identifying key challenges and opportunities associated with TEA and LCA, which are essential for guiding policymakers and technology developers in achieving a more sustainable future.