vProCycle2: Enhancing VR Cycling with Motion, Mixed Reality, and Smart Connectivity

This paper describes vProCycle 2, a new Virtual Reality (VR) cycling training system that applies Immersion and Mixed Reality (MR) to optimize user performance though experiential features like MR overlays, motion-simulation, multiplayer, and the use of smart-trainer technology. Methods: vProCycle 2 has a full VR cycling experience using a VR headset, Google map cycling app, Back wheel machine, and motion platform to produce a realistic cycling environment where users can receive real-time feedback through MR overlays (such as heart rate, speed) and resistance, incline, and vibration through the smart trainer and motion simulation. vProCycle 2 has multi- player features that allow users to race against each other or compete against other riders in their respective communities and incorporates other game elements and social feedback, which can augment user motivation and engagement. A mixed-methods approach was taken in this study, which included collecting qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and quantitative data using user questionnaires and performance tracking metrics. Results: The initial data provides general indications that users were overall satisfied with their experiences and that users showed improved cycling performance in vProCycle 2. Users also indicated higher levels of immersion and presence in VR, and they scored usability of vProCycle 2 quite highly. Further to the initial data, users also reported that their multiplayer experience had a positive motivational impact on their cycling performance and experience and highlighted that vProCycle 2 has the potential for a high-performance recreational cycling and rehabilitation user population.