Metallogenic Geological Background of the Region

This chapter systematically elaborates the regional geological background of the Tengchong–Lianghe area in Western Yunnan, with a focus on analyzing the stratigraphy, magmatic rocks, and tectonic evolution process of the region, as well as their relationships with mineralization. The Teng-Liang area in Western Yunnan is located in the convergence zone between Gondwana and the Eurasian continent and has undergone multiple tectonic-magmatic events, including the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, the subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, and the India–Eurasia collision. The stratigraphy is characterized by the Paleoproterozoic Gaoligongshan Rock Group as the crystalline basement, with the Permian Kongshuhe Formation serving as the main host horizon for tin–polymetallic mineralization. The magmatic activity in the region is dominated by Meso-Cenozoic granites, with late Cretaceous S-type granites that are closely related to tin mineralization, exhibiting highly fractionated and low εHf characteristics. The regional structure is controlled by deep-seated faults, forming a metallogenic model of “magmatic arc-controlled mineralization, structural fracture-guided ore fluid, and greisen-hosted ore storage”. The associated mineral resources are primarily tin, tungsten, lead, and zinc, with significant resource potential, providing an important geological basis for the study of regional metallogenic patterns and prospective exploration.