An Assessment on the Quality and Reliability of Water Supply in Asmara City

Water scarcity is a major problem for many developing world cities, including Asmara of Eritrea. Population growth, climate change, poor infrastructure, and ineffective water management make it harder to supply reliable water. Many residents, especially the higher areas of the city, lack access to safe drinking water. When available, water supply is often irregular and unsafe. This study looks at water quality and service in Asmara, using data from local offices and residents. It finds that the city mostly meets its drinking needs from reservoirs built to stored water during rainy seasons. However, these reservoirs can contain harmful substances, making water treatment difficult. The city’s treatment plants supply about 46 liters per person per day. Water isn’t evenly distributed across the city. About 43% of households are happy with water services, but 25% are moderately satisfied. Meanwhile, 15% are dissatisfied and 16% are very unhappy. Satisfaction depends on various factors related to water supply and management.