Managing H. pylori in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance

Helicobacter Pylori is recognized as a definite carcinogen by both the World Health Organization and the US Department of Health and Human Services. Eradication of H. pylori infection is of critical public health importance for the prevention of gastric cancer and related gastroduodenal diseases. Current international consensus guidelines strongly recommend that all infected individuals without compelling competing factors should receive eradication therapy. Although antibiotics remain the cornerstone of eradication regimens, the growing global challenge of antibiotic resistance is fundamentally undermining this foundation, pushing the clinical management of H. pylori into an unprecedented dilemma—characterized by declining efficacy of standard regimens, increasing treatment failure rates, and a potential risk of clinicians facing a scenario of limited therapeutic options.