Gene Editing Technology Against Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori infects more than half of the world’s population and is a leading cause of gastric cancer [1, 2]. Classified as a Group I carcinogen by the World Health Organization, H. pylori-related diseases result in over one million deaths annually. Current standard treatments combine antibiotics such as clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole with proton pump inhibitors. However, widespread antibiotic misuse has led to rising resistance rates, contributing to increased treatment failure [3]. In some regions, clarithromycin resistance exceeds 30%, while metronidazole resistance rates surpass 50%. Moreover, broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt the gut microbiota, potentially causing intestinal dysbiosis and metabolic disorders. Thus, there is an urgent need for precise, efficient, and microbiome-friendly anti-H. pylori strategies.