Biological Characteristics of H. pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral-shaped bacterium. Since its discovery by Marshall and Warren in 1982, it has represented a milestone breakthrough in the research of gastrointestinal diseases. This bacterium can colonize the highly acidic environment of the human stomach and is closely associated with conditions such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer [1]. This chapter will systematically elaborate on its biological characteristics, including fundamental morphology, ultrastructure, physiological properties, and molecular biological mechanisms, to deepen the understanding of its pathogenic processes.