Climate change and air pollution represent converging threats to global health, with interlinked sources and effects. Both are among the most pressing global environmental challenges, exerting profound effects on human health, ecosystems, and economies, and are tightly interlinked through shared emission sources, feedback mechanisms, and atmospheric processes. This review synthesizes current scientific understanding of the mechanisms by which climate change influences air pollution patterns and the consequent health impacts. Increasing temperatures and altered weather patterns enhance the formation and concentration of harmful air pollutants, such as ground-level ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5​). Specifically, the review explores the mechanisms linking meteorological parameters with air pollutant dispersion, chemical transformation, and the formation of these secondary pollutants. These pollutants are significant contributors to respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Quantitative projections indicate that the increase in ozone and PM2.5​ concentrations could lead to higher rates of mortality and morbidity, particularly under high greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Feedback loops, such as black carbon’s warming effect, further complicate these interactions. The review emphasizes integrated climate and air quality policies targeting short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) for dual health and climate benefits, while identifying research gaps for future management strategies.