Principles and Applications of Radiation Detectors

The detection and quantification of ionizing radiation primarily relies on the physical interactions that occur between incident radiation and matter. These interactions are reflected in guise of certain measurable effects—such as ionization, excitation or scintillation. These effects can be captured and analysed by employing appropriate detection systems. The precise and accurate dosimetry does not only require the ability to register these interactions but a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms that govern the energy transfer from radiation to the absorbing medium. The central objective in radiation measurement is the meticulous determination of absorbed dose, which represents the energy imparted per unit mass of a material. Therefore, in order to achieve precise dose measurements, it demands rigorous characterization of detector response, calibration procedures, and the various physical principles that relate measurable quantities (such as ionization) to absorbed energy.