Spatial Analysis of the Relationship Between Urban Resource Allocation and Population–Labor Distribution

The spatial distribution of urban population and workforce is influenced by multiple types of urban resource allocation, and quantifying these underlying driving factors is essential for redefining urban concentration patterns. On the basis of geographic data including bus transit network, urban rail transit network, and points of interest (POIs), this study proposes a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) based analytical framework. Haidian District of Beijing is used as an empirical area, this research quantitatively assesses how urban resource allocation shapes population and workforce concentration. To improve the model’s explanatory resolution, the study uses 500 × 500 m grids as the fundamental spatial unit to finely assess the clustering influence of various urban resources. The findings indicate that POI quantity and diversity constitute the most important drivers of both population and workforce aggregation, followed by the effects of bus and subway infrastructure. Moreover, bus transit, which mainly facilitates short-distance mobility, has a more pronounced influence on residential population clustering, whereas subway lines contributes more substantially to the concentration of the employed population. These conclusions contribute to fostering the alignment between urban spatial resources and the spatial distribution of population.