Utilization of S-411-Based Ice Navigation Services in Arctic Marine Navigation

To meet vessels’ needs for dynamic, reliable, and standardized sea ice information along Arctic routes, the Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) developed the S-411 Ice Data Product Specification within the International Hydrographic Organization's (IHO) S-100 framework. This specification provides an application model for ice information when navigating with the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). By analyzing the technical content of S-411, the standard geometry of GML in S-411 is redefined in this article. In response to the specific conditions of communication and navigation in the Arctic, a comprehensive technical architecture for ice condition information services based on E-Navigation is designed. Furthermore, within the MRN resource framework, ice information services are categorized and encoded. Finally, testing and validation are conducted using a shore-based ECDIS system. The results demonstrate that ice information can be seamlessly integrated with Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs), and the route recommendation service can intelligently select areas with lower density and thinner thickness by combining with the historical routes, providing a foundation for further validation in real-ship scenarios.