Research on Coordinated Optimization of Metro Passenger-Freight Car Allocation and Timetables Considering Cargo Splitting

Against the backdrop of the “dual carbon” strategy, leveraging the redundant capacity of subway systems during off-peak hours for urban freight transport has emerged as an effective approach to alleviate surface traffic congestion and reduce carbon emissions. This paper addresses the carriage allocation problem in passenger-cargo coordinated subway transportation. By comprehensively considering passenger sensitivity to waiting times and the differing delivery timeliness requirements of freight, it constructs a mixed-integer linear programming model aimed at minimizing the system’s generalized cost. The model innovatively integrates a dynamic car allocation mechanism, train timetable optimization strategy, and a cargo splitting penalty function, while designing differentiated stop time constraints to closely approximate real-world operational scenarios. Through designing experimental cases and solving them using CPLEX, the model’s effectiveness has been validated.