Systematic Key Technologies for Full-Process Automation at Pulp Terminals: Architecture, Models, and Implementation Pathways

Addressing the challenges of multi-stage coupling, high labor dependency, and fragmented information in pulp cargo handling across the entire port operation chain, this paper proposes a comprehensive automated technology system for pulp terminals. First, starting from the entire chain of loading/unloading-horizontal transportation-storage yard-outbound operations, a cloud-edge-end collaborative operation control and data governance architecture is constructed. This enables heterogeneous interconnection between port machinery, unmanned transport equipment, and storage yard devices through a unified semantic and message bus. Second, at the methodological level: the loading/unloading phase incorporates swing-damping control and state-awareness fusion based on pendulum dynamics. The horizontal transport phase proposes a rolling time-domain scheduling model that balances process priority relationships and resolves vehicle flow conflicts. The yard phase establishes a coordinated optimization model for cargo slot allocation and handling, prioritizing outbound operations while adhering to spatial safety constraints. These technologies collectively enhance the system’s intelligent perception, scheduling decision-making, and remote management capabilities. The research provides a transferable architectural paradigm and methodological reference for the automation transformation of general cargo terminals under high-frequency, high-intensity operational conditions.