Innovative Nanotechnology Approaches to Eliminate Soil and Water Contaminants

Water and soil contamination occurs when there are abnormally high levels of harmful substances present in these environments. Both inorganic and organic contaminants pose significant risks to the environment and public health. Nanomaterials exhibit unique properties such as high reactivity, selectivity, and versatility, making them highly promising for tackling complex challenges and developing innovative solutions for soil and water remediation. This chapter provides a succinct overview of soil and water composition, primary contaminants, and their impacts on human health and ecosystems. It also explores traditional techniques currently employed for soil remediation, alongside emerging nano-based approaches utilizing a diverse array of nanomaterials. The potential of these nanomaterials for future applications in soil and water remediation is evaluated, with a focus on (i) the utilization and methodologies of different nanomaterials, and (ii) the environmental implications of their application. This chapter aims to shed light on how nanotechnology can contribute to more effective and sustainable remediation strategies, while also highlighting the need for careful consideration of potential environmental impacts.