Diabetic neuropathy is a serious health issue that has a substantial influence on individual’s quality lifestyles owing to its extensive and devastating symptoms. Peripheral neuropathy with major sensory impairment is the problem in question. Hyperesthesia and pain are the initial symptoms, which progressively give way to hypoesthesia as a result of nerve fibre loss. For the purpose of stopping the course of the disease and putting in place prompt treatment measures, early identification and prediction are essential. Novel biomarkers have encouraging opportunities to enhance diabetic neuropathy diagnosis and treatment. In order to potentially offer important insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of the illness, these biomarkers have been categorised. With an emphasis on their potential to transform early detection and prediction skills, this chapter reviews the most recent advancements in biomarker research for diabetic neuropathy. To help translate newly discovered biomarkers into everyday clinical applications, researchers, doctors, and legislators must work together.