Scholarlink

This paper presents the design and simulation of a 2.4 GHz ultra-low-voltage LC Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology for energy-constrained wireless applications. VCOs are essential in communication systems, where phase noise and power consumption directly affect overall performance. The proposed design employs a cross-coupled pMOS topology with back-gate biasing to enhance transconductance and ensure oscillation at a 0.5 V supply. By eliminating the conventional tail current source and optimising the LC tank, the circuit improves voltage headroom, reduces noise contributions, and sustains reliable operation. Simulations performed in LTspice confirm stable oscillation at 2.4 GHz with an output free of distortion. The oscillator achieves a single-sideband phase noise of −110.2 dBc/Hz at a 2 MHz offset, equivalent to approximately −104 dBc/Hz when normalized to 1 MHz. The design consumes 0.616 µW under a 0.5 V supply. The calculated figure of merit (FoM) is −203.9 dBc/Hz, reflecting a balance between spectral purity and low power operation. These results suggest that the proposed LC-VCO provides a practical trade-off between performance and energy efficiency, making it suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) nodes, wireless sensor networks, and other short-range communication systems operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band.

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Design and Analysis of a 2.4 GHz Ultra-Low-Voltage LC-VCO in 180 nm CMOS for IoT Applications

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

查看全文
  • N. Khalid,
  • R. A. M. Osman,
  • B. Poobalan,
  • N. I. M. Nor,
  • H. Aris,
  • M. N. H. Hashim,
  • Thillai Navindren

摘要

This paper presents the design and simulation of a 2.4 GHz ultra-low-voltage LC Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology for energy-constrained wireless applications. VCOs are essential in communication systems, where phase noise and power consumption directly affect overall performance. The proposed design employs a cross-coupled pMOS topology with back-gate biasing to enhance transconductance and ensure oscillation at a 0.5 V supply. By eliminating the conventional tail current source and optimising the LC tank, the circuit improves voltage headroom, reduces noise contributions, and sustains reliable operation. Simulations performed in LTspice confirm stable oscillation at 2.4 GHz with an output free of distortion. The oscillator achieves a single-sideband phase noise of −110.2 dBc/Hz at a 2 MHz offset, equivalent to approximately −104 dBc/Hz when normalized to 1 MHz. The design consumes 0.616 µW under a 0.5 V supply. The calculated figure of merit (FoM) is −203.9 dBc/Hz, reflecting a balance between spectral purity and low power operation. These results suggest that the proposed LC-VCO provides a practical trade-off between performance and energy efficiency, making it suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) nodes, wireless sensor networks, and other short-range communication systems operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band.