Biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes uses natural enemies like fungi, bacteria, and nematodes. These agents reduce nematode damage by parasitism, toxins, and inducing plant resistance. Fungal species like Trichoderma, Pochonia, Purpureocillium; mycorrhizal fungal species of Glomus; and bacterial species of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Pasteuria are effective for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes through parasitism and induced resistance, but efficacy varies by soil and crop. There is some controversy over inconsistent results and challenges like cost and regulatory hurdles. The key biological control agents, their mechanisms, practical applications, and associated challenges are discussed, based on insights from recent studies.