To ensure appropriate medical care for the public, it is necessary to define the obligations of the “people” who provide medical care and ensure that the “places” where medical care is provided—such as hospitals and clinics—are managed, staffed, and equipped to enable the provision of high-quality and appropriate medical care. “The Medical Practitioners Act” and “the Dental Practitioners Act” govern medical professionals’ status, duties, rights, and obligations; “the Medical Care Act“regulates matters related to medical facilities. While the Medical Practitioners Act respects Medical Practitioners’ freedom in the content of their medical practice to the greatest extent possible (see Chap. 3), the Medical Care Act imposes strict regulations on establishing and managing medical facilities, the standards for medical facilities, and matters related to advertising, medical safety, and prefectural medical care plans.