EU Cybersecurity Policy

This chapter outlines the evolution of EU cybersecurity policy, leading to an extensive policy package today. It is argued that the need to strengthen economic, societal, and democratic cyber-resilience remains a constant policy driver. Ways have been found to deal with national security in EU cybersecurity policy, although this remains a balancing act given the limitations of the EU Treaties. Policymakers are increasingly challenged to respond to concerns about strategic autonomy, geopolitical tensions, and technological disruption. Future policy must pay attention to implementation, continue to evolve to respond to new threats, and contribute more strongly to EU strategic autonomy.