Ice-Load Capacity Analysis and Reinforcement Measures for Distribution Lines

Ice-cover disasters cause line breakages, conductor galloping, and pole collapses, resulting in substantial economic losses. To enhance ice-bearing capacity of distribution lines and optimize disaster-prevention strategies, this paper develops a refined mechanical model of the ice-covered line and integrates a multidimensional analysis of reinforcement measures, thereby providing a scientifically sound and effective icing-disaster prevention and control framework. Firstly, a 3D model of the distribution line is established in SolidWorks and subsequently imported into COMSOL. After configuring the material and boundary parameters, finite-element analysis is employed to evaluate the stress distribution of each component under various ice-thickness scenarios. Critical weak points are thus identified, and corresponding strengthening measures are proposed. Finally, the simulation was re-run to verify the enhancements. When the ice accretion radius reached 30 mm, stress and displacement of critical pole–conductor assemblies exceeded safety thresholds; insulators remained below limits but showed pronounced stress concentration. Diagonal bracing and ancillary measures raised construction costs by a factor of approximately 3.5, yet cut global stress by 20–25%, boosted strength of key components 2- to 3-fold, and reduced conductor sag by 40%.