Zwitterionic surfactants occupy a unique position in colloid and interface science as they unite both cationic and anionic functionalities within a single molecular framework. This makes them extremely adaptable in terms of surface activity, solubility shift with pH and ionic strength, enabling performance in environments where conventional surfactants fail. This chapter presents a comprehensive yet accessible overview of zwitterionic surfactants, covering their molecular framework, synthesis methods, categorization, interfacial properties, functional performance across diverse applications along with the safety and toxicity profile. From an industrial standpoint, their utility extends across multiple sectors, spans, including household and personal care formulations, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, enhanced oil recovery, and environmental remediation.