Biosensors into Surveillance Systems

AMR is now an emerging worldwide menace which poses a risk to public health, food security, and stability in the global economy, necessitating the need to develop new methods of surveillance technologies. This chapter brings an innovative concept to adapt complex biosensors into various surveillance systems to improve AMR detection, analysis, and response. Incorporating biosensors in public health, environmental, agricultural, and healthcare research, this chapter taps electrochemical and optical biosensors to perform real-time monitoring and prediction analysis. We also discuss the progress in biosensors in terms of structure and function followed by promising integration strategies for different application areas. In addition, novel methods of data acquisition, transfer, and analysis that are as crucial as biosensors themselves, like IoT connectivity, big data analysis and machine learning for data security are discussed to create a solid pipeline taking data from biosensors to actionable information. These systems have shown practical applications in monitoring the transmission of AMR and in guiding intervention plans based on biosensors across the real-world AMR cases. Healthcare in the Internet of Things (H-IoT) focuses on creating IoT health sensor nodes and exploring how blockchain technology can enhance healthcare sensor networks. This approach aims to deepen our understanding of IoT applications, showcasing emerging trends in healthcare as well as other sectors. Therefore, it provides a clear roadmap for development of a global AMR surveillance network based on principles of scalability, interoperability, and cost-effectiveness, while spelling out a vision for biosensor-integrated monitoring systems that might dramatically improve future AMR surveillance on a global level. Biosensors are quickly becoming critical components of public health, and this chapter is a first step reference and a guide for researchers, policy makers and health practitioners interested in applying biosensor advancements to combat AMR and other global diseases to improve early detection, decision support and more timely interventions.