A Short Tutorial on Developing a Simple Biosensor for Antibiotic Abuse/Misuse

The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), posing a severe global health threat. Rapid, cost-effective, and user-friendly biosensors offer a promising approach for detecting antibiotic abuse in clinical, agricultural, and environmental settings. This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide to developing a simple biosensor for antibiotic detection, covering key principles, sensor design, material selection, detection mechanisms, and analytical performance evaluation. Special emphasis is placed on affordability and ease of fabrication to ensure accessibility for researchers and field applications. By the end of this chapter, readers will have a clear understanding of biosensor development and its role in mitigating antibiotic misuse.