Migration and Ageing Societies

Population ageing and international migration are two defining forces of the twenty-first century. Their interaction is reshaping how societies work, care, and sustain welfare systems. As birth rates fall and life expectancy rises, many economies face labour shortages and fiscal pressures, while migrants—who help fill these gaps—also age, often with limited access to protection and care. This chapter explores how ageing influences migration flows and labour demand, how migrants themselves experience ageing, and how policies on migration, labour, and care can align to support wellbeing across borders and generations.