Particle Deposition Dynamics in Evaporating Droplets: Magnetic Particle Simulation

Particle deposition dynamics in evaporating droplets containing magnetic nanoparticles are explored. The coffee-ring effect is introduced as a representative deposition problem caused by evaporation-driven capillary flow toward the contact line. To control this behavior, external magnetic fields are considered as a means of inducing directional particle aggregation through magnetic interactions. The numerical framework combines pseudopotential LBM for droplet evaporation, heat transfer modeling, and nanoparticle dynamics based on Langevin motion, DLVO theory, and magnetic forces. The results demonstrate how active control of interparticle interactions can be used to modify final deposition patterns.