Particle Dynamics

Particle dynamics modeling is discussed within the lattice Boltzmann framework. The interaction between suspended particles and surrounding fluids is described, along with numerical strategies for incorporating these interactions into LBM simulations. Representative particle-modeling approaches, including the smoothed profile method and immersed boundary method, are presented with emphasis on their applicability to particle-laden flows. Key concepts required for nanoparticle simulations, such as Brownian motion, DLVO interactions, and Langevin dynamics, are also introduced. These topics show how LBM can be extended from pure fluid simulations to complex systems involving suspended micro- and nanoparticles.