Motivational and Behavioral Determinants of E-Waste Recycling Among University Students in Hanoi, Vietnam

E-waste poses a critical environmental challenge in Vietnam due to the rapid consumption of electronic devices and limited recycling infrastructure. This study examines the determinants of university students’ e-waste recycling behavior in Hanoi through an extended Theory of Reasoned Goal Pursuit, integrating attitudinal, normative, motivational, control-related, and knowledge-based factors. A structured questionnaire was distributed through offline and online channels. A total of 480 valid responses were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. Results show that active procurement and approval goals significantly influence attitudes and subjective norms, which in turn strengthen motivation. Motivation emerged as a direct precursor of intention (IT), while IT strongly predicted recycling behavior. Environmental awareness was the most influential construct, affecting attitude, motivation, intention and behavior of the university students. The findings highlight the need for awareness campaigns, student-oriented recycling programs, and improved collection infrastructure. Universities and policymakers should promote both practical benefits and social recognition to foster sustained student engagement in e-waste recycling, aligning with Vietnam sustainable objectives.