Understanding Passenger Satisfaction in Urban Bus Transport: A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Approach
摘要
The study explores the factors contributing to passenger satisfaction in urban bus transport using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). In fsQCA, multiple combinations of attributes were analysed to determine the causal configuration of high satisfaction. The data collected using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire covering nine dimensions were then calibrated into fuzzy scores. The truth tables were then analysed to extract the configurations. The analysis yielded 15 configurations for high satisfaction with five showing consistency above 0.99 and PRI above 0.98. The top two configurations together account for 41.6% of the total cases. The results confirm that no single factor ensures passenger satisfaction; instead, it is a combination of various attributes lead to positive user experience. The study provides evidence for more targeted interventions for improvements to urban bus services.