Cancer has been emerging as one of the major killer diseases in the present century, contributing to 16.8% of mortality from all causes. Artificial intelligence (AI), with its sophistication and precision, has a vital role in the present century in revolutionizing early detection as well as promoting good outcomes in patients diagnosed with cancer. The enhanced speed, accuracy, and precision of artificial intelligence have been widely investigated in cancer screening, with ongoing studies expanding into emerging areas. Machine learning and deep learning are increasingly integrated into multiple facets of cancer care, including precision treatment planning, robotic-assisted oncosurgery, and dose and outcome prediction in radiotherapy and immunotherapy, all aimed at enhancing patient treatment outcomes. Even in the development of novel drugs, AI has a pivotal role to play. Use of AI has been extensively used to predict trends in cancer by feeding large amounts of data on mortality, morbidity, and epidemiological patterns. The ethical use of AI with robust data management techniques can foster an enabling environment where AI can be used to make evidence-based quality decisions to support the care of cancer patients. Robust governmental support coupled with effective public–private partnerships can facilitate the widespread and equitable dissemination of the benefits of artificial intelligence in cancer care.